Dimethyl sulfoxide, commonly known as DMSO, is a colorless liquid compound that manufacturers derive as a byproduct of the paper-making process. Scientists initially discovered it in Germany in the late 19th century. Today, they use DMSO in many products, including paint removers, cleaners, makeups, and even as a flavoring agent in specific foods. Nature also provides DMSO; it’s found naturally in water, vegetables, and grains.
In medical applications, medical providers use DMSO as a preservative for stem cells and other health-related products. DMSO also has the ability to readily penetrate skin and biological membranes, making DMSO an effective “transporter” for topical products, carrying substances through tissues. While research is inconclusive on its efficacy, DMSO has been shown to host health benefits such as, but not limited to, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
It’s important to note that while research continues into various potential applications, such as preventing chemotherapy side effects and pain relief, the FDA has only approved DMSO for one specific medical use: treating interstitial cystitis. While DMSO might have benefits, the research done on its efficacy is still ongoing.
Clinical Uses of DMSO
DMSO’s ability to penetrate tissues and potentially help with other biological processes has led to deeper investigation into its treatment possibilities. One can administer DMSO topically by applying it to the skin, or a doctor can administer it as a bladder wash through a catheter for interstitial cystitis. There are specific key and clinical areas in which DMSO is used which are namely:
Interstitial Cystitis (IC)
Interstitial cystitis is a chronic bladder condition identified by pain, pressure, and frequent urination. The inflammation and irritation of the bladder wall significantly impact quality of life. A healthcare provider administers DMSO directly into the bladder through a catheter. Doctors measure dosage according to their patients’ needs. Since the late 1970s, the FDA has approved DMSO for treating IC. It works by relaxing the bladder muscles, increasing bladder capacity, and potentially reducing inflammation within the bladder lining. Clinical trials have demonstrated its effectiveness in alleviating pain and improving urinary function for many individuals with IC.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
CRPS is a chronic pain condition typically affecting an arm or leg after an injury or medical event. It can cause intense and debilitating pains, swells, and changes skin color and temperature. Researchers have looked at topical DMSO as a potential treatment for CRPS, and some studies suggest that it may help block nerve signals responsible for chronic pain. However, the evidence remains limited and of low quality, requiring further research to determine its true efficacy.
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Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Both osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are inflammatory joint conditions causing pain, stiffness, and reduced movement. OA results from cartilage breakdown, while RA is an autoimmune disease attacking the joints. Research into topical administration of DMSO for these conditions has produced mixed results. Some studies suggest DMSO may reduce inflammation and provide temporary pain relief, but researchers need more concrete evidence to confirm its effectiveness as a primary treatment.
Chemotherapy Leakage Prevention
During chemotherapy administration, leakage of drugs can occur, leading to extravasation. This is when a drug leaks from the vein onto surrounding tissue and skin, leading to skin irritation and potential necrosis (tissue or cell death). DMSO’s ability to penetrate tissues has led to research exploring its use as a topical application to prevent or minimize this leakage. While promising, researchers need more studies to approve its effectiveness and safety for this use case.
Cancer Treatment (Research Phase)
One study has shown that DMSO may inhibit the growth of and kill certain cancer cells. Researchers have found that DMSO may help chemotherapies fight cancer more effectively. DMSO becomes so when it enters the body through the metabolite it produces. Scientists emphasize that one must never use DMSO, which is not a proven cancer treatment. It must be administered under strict medical supervision without rigorous scientific evaluation and formal approval. Speak with your doctor or oncologist before making any changes to your treatment.
How DMSO Is Administered & Doses
For patients with interstitial cystitis (IC), a healthcare provider can administer an intravesical instillation or bladder wash by directly inserting DMSO into the bladder through a catheter. This method allows for targeted delivery of the medication, and the dosage will vary depending on the individual patient’s needs and their healthcare provider’s supervision.
Healthcare providers can administer DMSO topically as a gel or solution for localized pain relief or to prevent chemotherapy leakage. When using this method, it’s important to carefully dilute the DMSO, as applying it undiluted directly to the skin can cause irritation. The dosage will depend on the area being treated and the severity of the condition. Consult a healthcare professional and always follow product instructions or the correct dosage and method of application.
Since these methods lack FDA approval and present potential risks, healthcare providers should avoid administering DMSO orally or intravenously. Consider these procedures only in strictly controlled research settings with close medical supervision, as they can cause unpredictable and harmful effects throughout the body.
Side Effects & Efficacy
While generally considered safe when used correctly, DMSO does have potential side effects that users should be aware of. Many people experience common, mild reactions like a distinctive garlic-like taste and odor on their breath and body (caused by dimethyl sulfide), headaches, nausea, dizziness, or skin irritation if applied topically. These are typically manageable and resolve on their own.
However, less frequent but more serious side effects can occur, particularly with intravenous administration. These include changes in heart rate (either an increase or decrease), low blood pressure, respiratory distress, and neurological symptoms like confusion or agitation. It’s also important to remember that the effectiveness of DMSO for many conditions remains under investigation, and clinical trials lack concrete data.
Potential Drug Interactions
DMSO can interact with various medications, potentially altering their effects or increasing risks of adverse effects. It’s important to inform your healthcare provider about all current prescriptions before using it. For example, DMSO may amplify the sedative effects of certain drugs, and it could increase bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners. Furthermore, DMSO might alter how steroids are absorbed and affect their overall effectiveness.
Conclusion
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a unique chemical compound with intriguing therapeutic potential. Its ability to penetrate tissues makes it attractive for various applications, from treating interstitial cystitis to potentially preventing chemotherapy leakage. However, it’s essential to approach DMSO with caution and informed skepticism. While research continues to explore its benefits, the FDA has only approved it for one specific condition. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before using DMSO, especially if you have underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications.
Disclaimer: This information is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and is for information only. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified health provider with any questions about your medical condition and/or current medication. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking advice or treatment because of something you have read here.
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