Timing and Prediction Challenges
Scientists can only predict solar storms with about 30 minutes of warning once they detect a CME heading toward Earth using space weather monitoring satellites. This extremely short warning time makes it difficult for people and organizations to make preparations. Space weather forecasters monitor the sun constantly using satellites and ground-based instruments. When they see a solar flare or CME, they can estimate when it might reach Earth, within one to three days. However, predicting exactly when a storm will happen still remains challenging.