Colon polyps are growths that develop on the inner lining of the colon or rectum, and while most are benign, some can develop into cancer over time. Early detection is crucial as many polyps are asymptomatic, but as they grow, symptoms may start to appear. Here are eight signs to watch out for and what they might mean for your health.
1. Rectal Bleeding
One of the most common symptoms of colon polyps is rectal bleeding. If you notice bright red blood on your toilet paper, in your stool, or in the toilet bowl, it could indicate a bleeding polyp. Dr. Fola May explains, “Bleeding is often the first visible symptom as polyps irritate the delicate lining of the colon”. However, hemorrhoids and minor tears in the anus can also cause rectal bleeding, so it’s essential to get checked.
2. Changes in Stool Color
Blood from colon polyps can change the color of your stool. Depending on the location and amount of bleeding, stool may appear dark or even black. This discoloration can sometimes be mistaken for dietary changes, but persistent changes warrant medical attention.
3. Altered Bowel Habits
Persistent diarrhea or constipation lasting more than a week could be a sign of a polyp obstructing the colon. Dr. May highlights, “Long, pencil-thin stools can also indicate a narrowing of the bowel due to larger polyps”. Any significant or unexplained change in your bowel habits should be discussed with your doctor.
4. Abdominal Pain or Discomfort
Larger polyps can partially block the bowel, leading to crampy abdominal pain or discomfort. This symptom can range from mild aches to severe cramping, often mistaken for other gastrointestinal issues like gas or bloating.
5. Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight without a clear reason is a potential red flag. As polyps grow and potentially turn cancerous, they can interfere with nutrient absorption and metabolic processes. This symptom, though more common in later-stage colorectal cancer, underscores the importance of regular screening.
6. Fatigue and Weakness
Chronic blood loss from polyps, even in small amounts, can lead to anemia. Anemia reduces the body’s ability to carry oxygen, causing persistent fatigue, weakness, and a general lack of energy. If you experience these symptoms alongside others, it’s time to see a healthcare professional.
7. Shortness of Breath
Anemia caused by bleeding polyps can also lead to shortness of breath. This symptom occurs because your body struggles to deliver enough oxygen to tissues. If everyday activities leave you feeling unusually winded, consult your doctor for a blood test.
8. Invisible Symptoms
Most colon polyps are asymptomatic in their early stages, earning them the nickname “silent growths”. This is why regular screenings, especially after age 50 or earlier for those with a family history, are vital for early detection.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s essential to consult your healthcare provider. Regular screenings like colonoscopies can help detect and remove polyps before they turn cancerous. Dr. May emphasizes, “The best prevention for colon cancer is early detection and the removal of polyps during routine screenings”.
Colon polyps often present few to no symptoms initially, but as they grow, they can cause a range of issues from bleeding to significant weight loss. Being aware of these symptoms and staying proactive with screenings can help catch polyps early, reducing the risk of developing colorectal cancer.