You may have seen these small boats near docks and ports, weaving around larger vessels. Don’t underestimate them because of their size. Tug boats are maritime tow trucks, and they can “tug” and dock massive ships. Large vessels are unable to maneuver around tight spaces like ports and canals, so tug boats become their valets to “park” them or “drive” them through tight waterways. In case, you couldn’t spot tug boats between barges and cruises, you may notice them once they shoot water into the air. It may seem like an odd feature, but they do this for a very good reason.
A brief history of the tug boat
The first version of a tug boat was made in 1736 and patented by Jonathan Hulls of Gloucestershire, England, according to Britannica. This craft was powered by a Newcomen steam engine and intended to transport larger boats in and out of harbors. However, the Charlotte Dundas is considered the first official tug boat. Powered by a Watt engine and paddle wheel, it was utilized on the Scottish Forth and Clyde Canal.
Maritime tow trucks
Tug boats are small but they are made up of powerful engines and propulsion systems. This allows them to make precise movements while assisting vessels. Although they are known to “tug” barges into different places, they are also capable of pushing them. In fact, many large vessels sport built-in areas for tug boats to press up against.
Why do tug boats spray water?
Since maneuverability is key, tugboats need to stay light and functional. That’s the main reason they spray water out of the top. This action releases the excess water that’s accumulating into the bilge, the lowest section of the boat. When the bilge is full, the tugboat uses large pumps to release it. If they weren’t able to do this, the water could build up and cause a number of dangerous outcomes.
For stability and damage prevention
One risk posed by excess water is compromised stability. The additional weight of water can offset the boat’s center of gravity, making it more likely to capsize from rough waves or sharp turns. Another risk of holding water is potential corrosion and damage to the boat’s structure over time.
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For electric and mechanical safety
Because of the complex components of tug boats, excess water in the bilge may come into contact with electrical wiring and equipment. This can cause short circuits, malfunctions, and fires. Similarly, water can interfere with the functionality of onboard machinery like the engines and pumps. Mechanical failures and breakdowns are costly to repair.
How water gets into tug boats
Most boats don’t need such dramatic built-in measures to dispense of water, but tug boats’ unique functionality makes it necessary. For one, seawater ingress happens often due to openings in the hull from sea chests, fittings, and shaft seals, according to Technology.org. Plus, water can accumulate due to rainfall, deck wash-downs, condensation, accidental spills, damaged piping systems, and malfunctioning bilge pumps.
Tow trucks and firetrucks
However, bilge maintenance isn’t the only reason they spray water. Tug boats are not just the tow trucks of the sea; they are also the firefighters when needed. Some tug boats are built specially for this function and can pump out water faster and into a larger range.
Cool the jets
Another reason is to help cool the massive engines, since pumping water around that area effectively cools them off. Plus, the spray can enhance the boats’ ability to maneuver and thrust. This can be especially helpful when hauling large vessels in small areas, or when facing rough weather.
Seaworthy salute
The spray can also convey messages, according to Boating World. Short and quick sprays show the boat is ready to start towing while a long stream could work as a distress signal. Finally, tug boats may spray water as a festive symbol. For instance, they may honor the arrival or departure of a respected ship or partner boat, or celebrate holidays.
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